Word State has not been utilized in Article 21
The ramifications are that Art.21 is pertinent to the State just as a Private Individual. Nonetheless, the Article is basically tended to
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Case laws related to Article 21 Upto what extent Art. 21 apply
Personal liberty
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A.K. Gopalan versus U.O.I (A.I.R-1950)
The Apex court by the majority held that the individual freedom and liberty in Art.21 means nothing more than the
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A.K. Gopalan versus U.O.I(A.I.R-1950)
In this case, the Supreme Court held that the word utilized under Art.21 is a procedure set up by law. If any
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Maneka Gandhi versus U.O.I (A.I.R 1978)
In this case, if the methodology embraced doesn't follow the rule of natural justice. It can't be said that the procedure “established by
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Maneka Gandhi vs. U.O.I (A.I.R 1978)
The apex court held that the right to live isn't only bound to actual physical existence but, Includes
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Right to Livelihood
Vello citizen forum versus U.I.O (A.I.R 1996) It was held that the State is the public trust of all assets in the nation and
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Chameli Singh versus State of Uttar Pradesh (A.I.R-1996)
It was held that every person under Art.21 has the right to the basic fundamentals and conveniences of the human rights to
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Right to Health and Medical Assistance
Parmanand Katara (P.K) versus Union of India (U.O.I)1989 S.C
. It was held that the right to well-being and clinical treatment is a
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Right to free Legal Aid
State of Maharashtra versus Manu Bhai Praggi Vashi 1995 S.C
. It was held that the right to free lawful guide is a part of the
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Right to Pollution free Environment
It was held that the option to dignified life includes the right to
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Consumer education and research centre vs. Union Of India (A.I.R 1995 S.C.)
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